What is the term for when verbal and non-verbal messages are misinterpreted?

Miscommunication refers to the situation where verbal messages (spoken or written words) and non-verbal messages (such as body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice) do not convey the same message or intent. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as cultural differences, personal biases, or unclear expressions. When verbal and non-verbal signals are inconsistent, it can lead to misunderstandings, where the receiver interprets the message in a way that was not intended by the sender.

The other terms listed do not specifically capture the essence of this concept. Confusion can occur as a result of miscommunication but does not specifically refer to the misinterpretation of messages. Interference typically relates to external factors that disrupt communication, while disruption refers to interruptions that alter the flow of communication, rather than the misinterpretation of messages themselves. Therefore, miscommunication is the most appropriate term for when verbal and non-verbal messages are at odds with one another.